Pupil-initiated or teacher-guided? Learnings from pupil-centred approaches during COVID-19

This study investigates the relationship between primary school pupils' experiences with pupil-centred learning approaches, socio-emotional experiences and self-efficacy. Our findings suggest that teacher guidance is important to support students and self-efficacy in working with pupil-centred learning approaches. We discuss the findings in relation to the increased attention that pupil-centred learning approaches are receiving worldwide as part of a tendency to move away from traditional teacher-centred approaches of transmitting and memorising information, and the ongoing discussion on how much teachers should guide pupils learning. We focus on how these learnings from COVID-19 can be used to reimagine education in the post-pandemic school. © 2023 ASPE.

Patterns of emotions and emotional experiences in the daily lives of individuals with social anxiety disorder

The present dissertation focuses on patterns of emotions and emotional experiences of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in their daily lives. Much of the research on SAD has been conducted in controlled laboratory settings which prioritize internal validity at the expense of external validity. This literature has contributed significantly to our understanding of the disorder. However, examining SAD outside of the lab and its influence on participants' daily lives is extremely important and can complement previous research and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the disorder. In addition, most of the research on SAD has focused on cognitions and behaviors and the few studies that have examined emotions focused on the broad concepts of positive and negative affect. In the present dissertation we wanted to broaden our understanding of emotions in SAD and examine discrete emotions and emotional patterns that may be related to the disorder and its maintenance. To achieve these goals we used the experience sampling method (ESM), a research paradigm that involves real-time systematic collection of self-report data aimed to tap naturally occurring discrete emotions and events as well as participants' emotional reactions to them. We examined 88 individuals (44 with SAD and 44 without SAD) over the course of 21 days, and during naturalistic interactions occurring in their daily lives. Specifically, the first two studies included in this dissertation each focused on a discrete emotion and its experience and role in the disorder: the first was loneliness, and the second was envy. In the third study we examined the use of visual and non-visual mediums of communication with others and their impacts on emotions. This third study was especially pertinent in light of the COVID-19 pandemic which had a substantial impact on the ways in which individuals around the world interact. Below, we describe each of these studies. The first study included in this dissertation- "All by Myself: Loneliness in Social Anxiety Disorder" (Oren-Yagoda, Melamud-Ganani, & Aderka, in press) examines loneliness among individuals with and without SAD, contexts that may moderate the experience of loneliness, and the temporal relationship between loneliness and anxiety. Findings from this study indicated that individuals with SAD experienced significantly more loneliness compared to individuals without SAD. Characteristics of social situations (negativity, positivity, and meaningfulness) predicted loneliness for individuals with SAD but not for individuals without SAD. Finally, for individuals with SAD, both anxiety and loneliness predicted changes in each other creating a deleterious cycle. Findings from this study are discussed in the context of the SAD literature, CBT models and interpersonal models of SAD, the bivalent fear of evaluation model and potential clinical implications for treatment are presented. The second study included in the dissertation- "The grass is always greener: Envy in social anxiety disorder" (Oren-Yagoda, Schwartz, & Aderka, 2021) examines envy in SAD and its potential role in maintaining the disorder, social contexts and modes of communication that may serve as moderators of envy in SAD, as well as the temporal relationship between envy and anxiety in the disorder. Findings from this study indicated that individuals with SAD experienced elevated envy compared to individuals without SAD especially in social (compared to non-social) contexts. In social events, individuals with SAD also demonstrated an effect for modes of communication. Specifically, they experienced elevated levels of envy when the mode of communication was visual compared to voice/text (but not individuals without SAD). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Fear and anxiety in professionals about COVID-19: Brazilian versions of measures / Medo e ansiedade de profissionais frente à COVID-19: versões brasileiras de medidas

The objective of this study was to adapt and verify the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, from the data collection conducted with professionals who work directly in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil. A total of 232 professionals participated (Mage = 32.9; SD = 7.6), most of them female (68.1%), who answered the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale instruments and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adaptation process allowed identifying the content validity of the Brazilian versions and exploratory factorial analyses, followed by correlation studies showing evidence of internal structure validity and in relation to other (convergent) Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale variables, which presented equally satisfactory reliability rates. Thus, the Brazilian versions of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scales were made available with satisfactory psychometric qualities for use in the research and assessment of psychological aspects of health professionals.

Objetivou-se adaptar e verificar as propriedades psicométricas das escalas Fear of COVID-19 Scale e Coronavirus Anxiety Scale a partir da coleta de dados realizada com profissionais que atuam diretamente no combate à COVID-19 no Brasil. Participaram do estudo 232 profissionais (Midade = 32,9 anos; DP = 7,6), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (68,1%), que responderam aos instrumentos Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e um questionário sociodemográfico. O processo de adaptação permitiu identificar a validade de conteúdo das versões brasileiras e análises fatoriais exploratórias, seguidas de estudos de correlação que atestaram evidências de validade de estrutura interna e em relação com outras variáveis (convergente) da Fear of COVID-19 Scale e da Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, as quais apresentaram índices de confiabilidade igualmente satisfatórios. Dessa forma, foram disponibilizadas versões brasileiras das escalas Fear of COVID-19 Scale e Coronavirus Anxiety Scale com qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias para o uso em pesquisas e avaliação de aspectos psicológicos de profissionais de saúde.

How creating art sustained me during the pandemic

In this paper, I describe how my painting practice restored and sustained a more coherent and vitalized sense of self during the isolation, loneliness and sense of unrealness, dislocation, and lost world order brought about by Covid. I describe how the intersubjective and physical process of painting, and the nonverbal, embodied experience of creating art re-situated me in a world that felt real and allowed me to know and reflect on emotional experiences not available verbally until represented in visual, concrete form. I present a brief clinical example to illustrate how my artistic practice during Covid decisively informed an appreciation of the importance of a co-constructed selfobject experience that recognized how essential a patient's own affirmed creativity was for enhancing her sense of vitality, agency, and possibility of positive change.

Socio-Emotional Experiences of University Students in the Face of Virtual Education Due to Covid-19

The article analyzes and compares the socio-emotional experience of university students from Mexico and Peru in the face of migration to remote emergency education due to Covid-19. This is an exploratory-descriptive-comparative quantitative study with two independent purposive samples. Based on the results, it is shown that socio-emotional affectations reflect and prolong the unequal social structures that condition the university community in Latin America. © 2022 Instituto de Estudios Sociales Contemporaneos IESCO. All rights reserved.

Self-reported perspectives, Lived experiences and Assessment of COVID-19 survivors in India from media and social media during Nationwide lockdown: A Preliminary study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a tremendous threat as a rapidly spreading disease, and has significant consequences on the global public health in particular to the psychological aspect of the survivors. The lived experiences require urgent documentation to tailor-make psychiatric assessments and long-term follow-ups. Aim: To explore adolescents' self-reported perspectives and lived experiences during their COVID-19 illness which was voluntarily shared through media and social media platforms during the nationwide lockdown in India. Methods: Being a preliminary study, the sample size was calculated as 20 based on similar studies in the literature. Voluntarily shared data of COVID-19 survivors were extracted from media and social media. Based on the data, an assessment sheet was prepared, pre-tested and shared with three observers via convenient sampling. Results: Male predominance was noted. The mean age was found to be 39.5 years. English was the most commonly uploaded language to communicate suffering. Instagram and YouTube were the most prevalent social media sites for self-reported experiences. The most prevalent physical symptom was fever and cough. Stress, anxiety and stigmatization were more commonly reported. Statistical significance was obtained between fear and end of life, depression and suicide, pain and isolation and worried with insomnia. Conclusion: COVID-19 not only affects physical health but also takes a toll on the mental health of the patients. There is a high prevalence rate of psychological distress among COVID-19 survivors, and we recommend a formal psychiatric assessment and long-term follow-up to understand the unique challenges faced by the COVID-19 survivors, with effective communication and empathy towards them.

Patterns of emotions and emotional experiences in the daily lives of individuals with social anxiety disorder

The present dissertation focuses on patterns of emotions and emotional experiences of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) in their daily lives. Much of the research on SAD has been conducted in controlled laboratory settings which prioritize internal validity at the expense of external validity. This literature has contributed significantly to our understanding of the disorder. However, examining SAD outside of the lab and its influence on participants' daily lives is extremely important and can complement previous research and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the disorder. In addition, most of the research on SAD has focused on cognitions and behaviors and the few studies that have examined emotions focused on the broad concepts of positive and negative affect. In the present dissertation we wanted to broaden our understanding of emotions in SAD and examine discrete emotions and emotional patterns that may be related to the disorder and its maintenance. To achieve these goals we used the experience sampling method (ESM), a research paradigm that involves real-time systematic collection of self-report data aimed to tap naturally occurring discrete emotions and events as well as participants' emotional reactions to them. We examined 88 individuals (44 with SAD and 44 without SAD) over the course of 21 days, and during naturalistic interactions occurring in their daily lives. Specifically, the first two studies included in this dissertation each focused on a discrete emotion and its experience and role in the disorder: the first was loneliness, and the second was envy. In the third study we examined the use of visual and non-visual mediums of communication with others and their impacts on emotions. This third study was especially pertinent in light of the COVID-19 pandemic which had a substantial impact on the ways in which individuals around the world interact. Below, we describe each of these studies. The first study included in this dissertation- "All by Myself: Loneliness in Social Anxiety Disorder" (Oren-Yagoda, Melamud-Ganani, & Aderka, in press) examines loneliness among individuals with and without SAD, contexts that may moderate the experience of loneliness, and the temporal relationship between loneliness and anxiety. Findings from this study indicated that individuals with SAD experienced significantly more loneliness compared to individuals without SAD. Characteristics of social situations (negativity, positivity, and meaningfulness) predicted loneliness for individuals with SAD but not for individuals without SAD. Finally, for individuals with SAD, both anxiety and loneliness predicted changes in each other creating a deleterious cycle. Findings from this study are discussed in the context of the SAD literature, CBT models and interpersonal models of SAD, the bivalent fear of evaluation model and potential clinical implications for treatment are presented. The second study included in the dissertation- "The grass is always greener: Envy in social anxiety disorder" (Oren-Yagoda, Schwartz, & Aderka, 2021) examines envy in SAD and its potential role in maintaining the disorder, social contexts and modes of communication that may serve as moderators of envy in SAD, as well as the temporal relationship between envy and anxiety in the disorder. Findings from this study indicated that individuals with SAD experienced elevated envy compared to individuals without SAD especially in social (compared to non-social) contexts. In social events, individuals with SAD also demonstrated an effect for modes of communication. Specifically, they experienced elevated levels of envy when the mode of communication was visual compared to voice/text (but not individuals without SAD). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Emotional Experiences of COVID-19 Patients in China: A Qualitative Study.

This study explored the emotional experiences of COVID-19 patients in China. Thirty-four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. We used qualitative methods to investigate the distribution patterns and characteristics of patients' emotional experiences. The results indicated that emotional experiences showed different characteristics at different stages during isolation and treatment. COVID-19 patients' emotional discourse encompassed eight main themes, namely, feelings of shock at the diagnosis, yearning for future life, attachment to one's family, depression during the treatment, self-restriction due to probable contagiousness, powerlessness about the disease, open-mindedness about death, and faith in the joint efforts to fight COVID-19. These themes related to experiences concerning infection, isolation, outlook on life and death, stigma, and macro-identity. The findings suggest that the unexpected experience of COVID-19 infection exacerbated patients' negative emotions. COVID-19 patients' emotional stress stemmed from isolated environments, physiological effects of the disease, panic about the unknown, and realistic economic pressure. The government, medical staff, family members of patients, and the media should therefore work together to ensure proper emotional care for COVID-19 patients.

Lessons Learned and Future Considerations for Designing Remotely Facilitated Co-Design Studies with Children Focused on Socio-Emotional Experiences

The IDC community has a rich history of developing new methods for involving children in design research. However, few papers discuss developing new remotely facilitated co-design approaches. Fewer still focus on the challenges of eliciting discussion and generating design ideas around subjective experiences involving emotions, feelings, and thoughts. We argue these are of growing need in a post-Covid world. In this paper we contribute a methodological design rationale for a remotely facilitated co-design study aimed at addressing challenges related to ethically eliciting reflection on, promoting ideation around and capturing data of children and families about their personal Covid-19 experiences. To illustrate our methods, we provide exemplar cases of data collected from our participants to show the type of data that can be elicited using our methods. Lastly, we contribute considerations for future methods design based on a selection of our lessons learned. © 2022 ACM.

Consumer Support for Small Business during COVID-19: An Abstract

The coronavirus outbreak (i.e., COVID-19) has swept across a growing number of countries worldwide, including the United States. In response, the U.S Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has aggressively responded to the world health crisis to protect individuals from the virus. Official guidelines not only included recommendations such as social distancing and use of personal protective equipment, but also included several mandated business closures, which severely impacted small businesses. This study sought to understand factors that may attract consumers to small businesses during the ongoing COVID-19 to assist with business continuity. Specifically, this study explored whether consumer support for small business (shopping frequency and number of services used) during a pandemic can be explained by consumers’ emotional and cognitive experiences and whether there are any differences in consumer support for small business during a pandemic, depending on their demographic characteristics such as gender, generation, education and/or employment status. Using a national survey sample (n = 313), this study found that consumers’ support for small business during a pandemic can be explained by emotional and cognitive (resilience and optimism) experiences and demographic characteristics. Specifically, active resilience and negative and positive emotions influences small business shopping frequency and active resilience influences the number of services used at small businesses. Differences were found by generation, education and employment status on shopping frequency and services used. Differences were also found by annual income on shopping frequency. No differences were found by gender on shopping frequency or services used. Theoretically, this study contributes to research on disaster response by incorporating findings from the unprecedented global pandemic. Based on findings, small businesses may seek to trigger active resilience and emotions (negative and positive) in their advertising avenues to attract consumers. Small businesses may consider pivoting to attract particular consumer segments that are more likely to patronize frequently and use services offered by small business. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare Worker Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the HERO Registry.

Background: The extent to which healthcare worker (HCWs) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic vary by race or ethnicity after adjustment for confounding factors is not currently known. Methods: We performed an observational prospective cohort study of 24,769 healthcare workers from 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, enrolled between April 10, 2020 and June 30, 2021, and evaluated participant experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including testing, diagnosis with COVID-19, emotional experiences, burnout, and interest in vaccines and vaccine clinical trials. Findings: After adjustment for professional role, medical history, and community characteristics, Black and Asian participants were less likely to receive SARS-CoV-2 viral testing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0·82 [0·70, 0·96], p=0·012 and aOR 0·77 [0·67, 0·89], p<0·001 respectively) than White participants. Hispanic participants were more likely to have evidence of COVID-19 infection (aOR 1·23 (1·00, 1·50, p=0·048). Black and Asian participants were less likely to report interest in a COVID-19 vaccine (aOR 0·11 [0·05, 0·25], p<0·001 and aOR 0·48 [0·27, 0·85] p=0·012). Black participants were less likely to report interest in participating in a COVID-19 vaccine trial (aOR = 0·39 [0·28, 0·54], p<0·001). Black participants were also less likely to report 3 or more daily emotional impacts of COVID-19 (aOR = 0·66 [0·53, 0·82], p=<0·001). Black participants were additionally less likely to report burnout (aOR = 0·66 ([0·49, 0·95], p=0·025). Interpretation: In a large, national study of healthcare workers, after adjustment for individual and community characteristics, race/ethnicity disparities in COVID-19 outcomes persist. Future work is urgently needed to understand precise mechanisms behind these disparities and to develop and implement targeted interventions to improve health equity for healthcare workers. Funding: This work was funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), Contract # COVID-19-2020-001.

Austrian Students’ Perceptions of Social Distancing and Their Emotional Experiences During Distance Learning Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to far-reaching changes in various aspects of students’ lives. In the particular case of the educational field, classroom teaching was drastically shifted to a distance learning format. Consequently, students needed to deal with a completely different everyday school life. Learning was carried out online, which implied that students could not see some of their regular, important social contacts such as teachers, classmates or friends. It is already proven that such social distancing measures had impacts on students’ emotional experiences during the lockdown. Following a mixed-methods concurrent single-phase design, this study examined students’ perceptions of social distancing and their emotional experiences during the first school lockdown in Austria. Data from an online survey (n = 263 students) and from qualitative interviews (n = 56 students) were analyzed. The results show that distance learning drastically reduced interaction among students and between students and their teachers. Furthermore, the results indicate negative emotional experiences due to less social contact, increased learning pressures, and less structure. However, findings revealed that students also experience and perceived positive emotional experiences during distance learning because of more freedom, autonomy, and to some extent, less performance pressure. Based on the findings, the present study discusses possible perspectives on how to support students during and after distance learning, as well as further lines of research. Copyright © 2022 Heidrich, Pozas, Letzel, Lindner, Schneider and Schwab.

Application of Production-Oriented Approach in Web-Based Online Teaching

Due to the epidemic of Covid-19, web-based online teaching is increasingly popular. This study aims to explore students' perceptions of the application of production-oriented approach in the online teaching of business English listening and speaking. After the teaching practice, a questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to investigate the students' perceptions of the effect of this method. The results showed that teaching under the guidance of POA could motivate students' learning and stimulate their positive emotional experience. Besides, they were given more opportunities to use the language and the quality of their language output improved after enabling. POA is conducive to promoting the combination of assessment and learning. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for the future teaching. © 2021 IEEE.

Cognitive and Emotional Components of the Inner Picture of an Individual Experience in Terms of a Pandemic

The epidemic threat of COVID-19 has changed the sociopsychological situation in general and has become a serious test for both Ukrainian society and the whole of humanity. The purpose of this research was to study the psychological characteristics of emotional experiences and behavioral strategies in pandemic conditions. The study involved 85 people aged 22 to 60, residents of Ukraine. In the research, the participants of the study used Diener et al. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWSL) (1985), adapted by D. Leontiev & Osin (2020), the method of SPANA (equivalent to the method of PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), adapted by E. Osin, Attitude to a significant life situation, a method by E. Korzhova and A. Berdnikova. The study identified both negative and positive changes caused by the threat of a pandemic. Among the negative consequences, the respondents most often indicated anxiety and fears, among the positive ones - personal growth, strengthening family relationships, and others. The research also provides data on the life satisfaction level and outlines the behavioral strategies, which Ukrainians choose in a rapidly changing environment. Thus, the majority of Ukrainians, namely 27% of the sample, take a passive position on the prevailing conditions, feeling powerless and helpless. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of BRAIN: Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence & Neuroscience is the property of Lumen Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Lived experiences of the corona survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger.

COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a disaster for the human beings. All the Governments across the globe have been preparing to deal with this medical emergency, which is known to be associated with mortality in about 5% of the sufferers. Gradually, it is seen that, many patients with COVID-19 infection have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. Due to the risk of infecting others, persons with COVID-19 infection are kept in isolation wards. Because of the isolation, the fear of death, and associated stigma, many patients with COVID-19 infection go through mental distress. In this report, we discuss the experience of 3 persons diagnosed with COVId-19 infection and admitted to the COVID ward.